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Nikolai Pogodin
Nikolai Fyodorovich Pogodin ((ロシア語:Никола́й Фёдорович Пого́дин)) (pseudonym of N. F. Stukalov) ( - 19 September 1962) was a Soviet playwright.
==Biography==
Born into a peasant family at Gundorovskaya Stantsiya in the Don Province, young Nikolai Stukalov "spent a wandering childhood with his mother, who travelled from one Cossack village to another taking in sewing"; he worked as a bookbinder and carpenter before turning to literature and journalism.〔Avril Pyman in A. K. Thorlby (ed.), ''The Penguin Companion to Literature: European'' (Penguin, 1969), p. 618.〕 During the Russian Civil War he served as a volunteer with the Red Army; in 1920 he worked as a reporter for the Rostov-on-Don newspaper ''Trudovaya zhizn'', and was a traveling correspondent for ''Pravda'' from 1922 to 1932. From 1925 he lived in Moscow.
With his journalistic background, it is natural that "his plays, particularly the early ones, seemed to be dramatization of factual reports on current events."〔Marc Slonim, ''Russian Theater: From the Empire to the Soviets'' (New York: Collier, 1962), p. 337.〕 ''Temp'' (Tempo, 1929; presented in 1930 by the Vakhtangov Theater) showed the construction of the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, ''Poema o topore'' (Poem of the axe, 1931) was about making stainless steel, and ''Moi drug'' (My friend, 1932) features a protagonist struggling to get a factory operating. "The most popular in this series of plays was ''Aristocrats'' (1934), a half-serious, half-comical play about the building, by forced labor, of a canal between the White and Baltic Seas. Thieves, bandits, and other convicts, the aristocrats of crime, at first do not want to work but gradually become involved in collective action and are transformed and morally regenerated."〔Slonim, op. cit.〕 This reflected a popular propaganda theme of reforming criminals and class enemies through labor.〔Piers Brendon, ''The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s'', pp. 488-89 ISBN 0-375-40881-9〕 His most popular play was ''Chelovek s ruzhyom'' (Man with a gun, 1937), about Shadrin, a soldier who comes to Petrograd in October 1917 and gets involved in the Revolution; the climax of the play is his meeting with Lenin. The second play in his Lenin trilogy, ''Kremlyovskie kuranty'' (The chimes of the Kremlin, 1940), was set in 1920 and featured a scene in which Lenin talks with an old Jewish watchmaker engaged in repairing the Kremlin chimes so they can play the Internationale; the third, ''Tretya pateticheskaya'' (The third: Pathetic, 1958) used the news of Lenin's death as a tragic leitmotif. ''Kogda lomaiutsya kop'ya'' (When the spears break, 1953) was a comedy; ''Sonet Petrarki'' (Petrarch's sonnet, 1956) "takes the position that there are certain individual matters--personal feelings and affairs of the heart--which are none of the collective's or the Party's business."〔(Pogodin, Nikolai Fyodorovich ) in ''Encyclopedia of Soviet Writers''.〕
From 1951 to 1960 Pogodin was the chief editor of the theatrical journal ''Teatr''. He won the Order of Lenin twice and the Stalin Prize twice, and became an Honored Artist of the RSFSR in 1949.
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